16 juin 2005
Vincent Sosthène FOUDA and the paradox of the ivoirity
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| The independences did not bring the peace, the prosperity, the freedom and the unity so hoped While visiting Switzerland came to me the idea of a reflection on this subject. He reminds me that in this country lived numerous stateless persons, stateless persons, without country so, without earth(ground) of tie, chased by the father founder of the Nazism and his(her) followers. Maybe while visiting one of his(her) friends, Karl Jaspers, having found asylum in this country, without for all that found this peace of mind which lives in every human being reassured by his intellectual and physical affection in a given territory that Hannah Arendt realized, not without pain, of his(its,her) non-membership in a homeland? Yes for Blücher his friend, quoting a poem of Schiller, Hannah Arendt became " the foreign girl ", this light sheet(leaf) of palétuvier navigating according to the wind and having no place of fall or rest. " She had not been born in this valley: one did not know where from she(it) came, and as soon as she(it) went away one lost its track. Near her(it) one felt happy, all the c&127;urs dilated; however the majestic dignity took away any familiarity " (1). What takes place in Côte d'Ivoire under the il amused by the various observers today, not well seen by a certain Ivory Coast political class and a pseudo society(non-trading company), deserves the reflection of all: journalists, political analysts and politicians, economists and teachers, politicians, leaders and religious dignitaries (Moslems, Christians and members of the African Traditional Religions), anthropologists and sociologists. Everything has can be begun with a commonplace history of colonial conquest which lives the bravest as Samori to capitulate at the devastating force of the newcomer then got up the suns of the independences with their hopes and expectations, their cruelties and finally their despairs. Many threads and girls of the black continent woke up with the hangover, with this impression(printing) who live in those that see their thin hopes taken by those even to whom they dedicated all their hopes and in whom they placed all their confidence. The independences did not bring the peace, the prosperity, the freedom and the unity so hoped. The myth of Africa inexorably close(plain) flew away as a bird would make(do) him(it) without leaving any track. Forty years later, any are there again to wonder how was it able to arrive? Before one was able to answer the question, and the Elephant of Africa waddles(hesitates), staggers before collapsing, reached(affected) by the assegai of its most illustrious threads. Those that received formerly mission to tame the fire and to return it at home, to learn to bind(connect) the wood to the wood, to learn to win without being right as those made(did) him(it) exactly that formerly dominated us and overcame us. Everything went so fast and today Côte d'Ivoire, seat of GDR ( the African Democratic Assembling), the oldest party panafricaniste, became earth(ground) of exclusion and inhumanity! Shared responsibilities If the politician Henri Konan Bédié set up the concept of ivoirité, this one was able to find an attentive ear only thanks to the media and to the journalists. In a country where the rate of schooling is lower than 40 % and where more than 65 % of the grown-up population does not know either to read or to write, the radio more than quite other media plays here a role of information, disinformation and socialization of foreground. The radio here blows out in the way of the journalists and the politicians the warmth and the cold. To show the importance which the radio occupies in the daily life of the populations in this part(party) of hungry Africa and illiterate, Francis Bebey asserts not without re-bites that " we believe in the radio because all whom(that) she teaches us is said to us to us, and not written in our intention, and that it corresponds perfectly to our African civilizations which are not civilizations of the writing but the spoken language ". If the politician Henri Konan Bédié was of use to the Ivory Coast political world the concept of ivoirité, this one was able to reach the hearing and the nommable only thanks to certain unreliable politicians supported by anthropologists and other ethnologists who transformed the laboratories of search(research) and the pulpits of university into place of development of an ethnico-religious nationalism. Thesis in the support, the patronymic and the religion became in the space of some years a criterion of membership or non-membership in Côte d'Ivoire of him(her,it) after Félix Houphouët-Boigny. Côte d'Ivoire as several countries of Black Africa (Senegal, Burkina Faso, Cameroon) has the Moslem North: today the inhabitants of the city of Korhogo, Bouaké, feel excluded from the Ivory Coast political life which makes(does) of them, following the example of their door flag Alassane Dramane Ouattara the leader of the RDR, the non-native. Every day and emphatically, the North calls up to the secession, a strange scenario which is not without calling back(reminding) us the situation of the South Sudan (Christian) of the colonel John Garang against the Moslem North! After his seizure of power in Abidjan, the general " dad Christmas " Robert Gueï of sad recollection but whose tragic end arouses questioning ( 2 ), in an interview(maintenance) granted(tuned) to our colleagues of The Cross of Wednesday , January 5, 2000 asserted with a lot of determination that certain political and fascist cynicism hid regrettably as " the natives of the Ivory Coast should not tear any more. People of the South as people of the North, catholic as Moslem should live in the found brotherhood, as in the time of Houphouët-Boigny ". And to add: " I shall make cancel " the laws tins " of the ex-president Bédié, notably on the ivoirité. Thousands of persons suffered from it. I do not want of that for my country ". Regrettably all these promises stayed there only in this stage(stadium) and one attended powerless in the birth of a political monster as the only one Africa knows how to make it. There was a revision of the Constitution which strengthened the theses of the ivoirité. In the final for the election of October 22, 2000, several candidates are eliminated from the journey(running) without visible reasons and among them the stateless person Alassane Dramane Ouattara and many other Moslem candidates and those susceptible to position how weighty challenger for the General President and the one that one made early present how a " mixture of Jaurès and Mitterrand "! Laurent Gbagbo. The legislative: an election of excess In a country where nothing is the fact of the fate, in December is that of the anger of the God or that of the anger of the Old man, but it seems impossible that it is the month of the end of the ethno-religious and nationalist ideology of the ivoirité. The general election divided again the ethnic and religious communities which populate Côte d'Ivoire. Some saw there the occasion to consolidate their membership in the pseudo Ivory Coast community whereas the others lost definitively any hope to have one day a country ( 3 ). They are ever stateless for ever, that is without territory of tie. For whom knows the anthropology and the African symbolism, it is to be the one the ancestors of which are not with ours, the one that nobody defends(forbids) in the " night games ", the one that lost his "shadow" or has never had him(it)! It is what is Alassane Dramane Ouattara! In front of such a judgment which summons(convenes) at the same moment the " power of the alive " here represented by the Ivory Coast Constitution, the Supreme Court and the President of the Republic, but also the " power of the deaths " represented by their silence signs of membership in the politics(policy) of exclusion organized by the Ivory Coast authorities, the African intellectual he can and he should again keep silent? It seems to me that of all our forces, we should fight against this historic and symbolic revisionism conveyed by politicians without scruples. On Sunday , January 14, 2001 took place in the North of Côte d'Ivoire the general election to provide twenty six districts which, during the first tour of the legislative, had answered the watchword of boycott thrown(launched) by the main party of opposition, that of former(ancient) Prime Minister Alassame Dramane Ouattara. This suicidal politics(policy) of the president Laurent Gbagbo should call to every son of Africa and to every man been in love justice and peace. In political problem political solution, would dare to propose. Alassane Dramane Ouattara was excluded from the not democratic electoral process of Côte d'Ivoire by a political decision, today he returns to Laurent Gbagbo to take political measures to return the peace in this country which was formerly a haven of peace in ancient(former) French Western Africa. On January 13, 2001, regrettably, the president Laurent Gbagbo declared at the conclusion of a walking organized by his partisans that he " will bring down of the fire on the head of the rioters ". Force is to recognize that these statements(declarations) in the punch and proof of a primary political action can not return the peace in current Côte d'Ivoire. In December 2001 saw opening in Abidjan the works of the Forum for the National Reconciliation. Only profit of this forum this day, the meeting among the four strong men(people) of the country. Henri Konan Bédié returned of his Parisian exile to try to collect the PDCI-RDA, the former(ancient) unique party. The General Robert Guéi agreed to return in Abidjan and to sit down at the table of negotiation. Alassane Dramane Outtara was able to get back to Côte d'Ivoire with for only ambition to prove that it is too son(thread) of Côte d'Ivoire. It is necessary us to greet this step(method) of the president Laurent Gbagbo which knew how to man&127;uvrer within its own party to advance the process of reconciliation. It remains however to notice that at this end of year 2002, Alassane Outtara is not always Ivory Coast, the Constitution will not be revised and the economic investors do not crowd in the doors of Abidjan, the situation degrades rather every day a little more. The responsibility of Churches and various religious confessions It(he) would be interesting to interrogate us on roles of the present various religious forces in Côte d'Ivoire. Indeed three big religions are present in Côte d'Ivoire and in ascending order the Islam, the Christianity and the African Traditional Religions. Both first are the best structured however and occupy an important place in the Ivory Coast political game(set). The third takes root in the ancestralité of the African companies(societies) so is not really absent in both first. One is however surprised with the silence of the important episcopal Conference of Côte d'Ivoire in front of all the dramatic events which lives the country. To understand(include) him(it), it is necessary to go back up(raise) to Félix Houphouët-Boigny's administration which leaned for a long time on the Moslem North to reign while maintaining him(it) in a state of underdevelopment. The first president went, for example , to official visit in the North of the country only twice during more than thirty years of administration! The North is connected with the capital of the country by almost totally impracticable ways in rainy season, the rate of schooling is the lowest of the country. Some present sanitary structures in the whole of the four departments which counts the North are in a state of incomparable decay. The South of the country on the other hand is Christian: it(he) benefited from all the generosities of the various powers which succeeded one another in Côte d'Ivoire since the independence. The State directly involved in the construction of religious buildings, cathedrals, the seminars and the other advice centers and the schools. Many natives of the Ivory Coast one kept(guarded) alive in their spirit which the father of Côte d'Ivoire offered by way of present to very young ordinant a vehicle! Is it by fear to lose all these advantages that the episcopal Conference of the country and the clergy in general remain silent in front of the disintegration of the already very fragile social link? Besides the silence of the Ivory Coast clergy, it would be necessary to note that this one following the example of that of the whole black continent appears as simple devoid follower still of the legitimization which gives an appropriate(clean) original civilizing contribution, metic of a town and foreign institutions, this clergy, is not recognized as authentic representing of a symbolic authority of not partisan power. The political power in place in Abidjan sees in him the man of its clan, its tribe and its ethnic group, what installs(settles) in their relation a votecatching which disqualifies him(it) de facto. In front of this collusive silence and this attitude, the Islam becomes more radical and calls up to the secession of the North. Today, one has the impression(printing) that the country becomes identified with the Christianity and with the Catholicism in particular, the reason for which certain little informed observers the realities of the country do not hesitate any more to see in all these events a religious conflict. Today, Côte d'Ivoire is at the edge of the explosion and the solution is former(ancient) haven of peace can be towards(as for) the present religious forces in this. 1) Schiller, The foreign girl 2) The general Robert Gueï died on September 19, 2002 in Abidjan during an attempt of coup d'état with 19 member of his family. Towards the events everything lets believe that it(he) was purely and simply murdered what is against the theses developed by the power in place in Abidjan and instrumented by a stage setting of the various Ivory Coast media. 3) The attempt of coup d'état of September 19, 2002 shows a thing(matter) for every observer of the Ivory Coast political scene, it will be difficult for Mister Alasane Dramane Ouattara to be henceforth one. Vincent FOUDA Journalist - political analyst, Researcher to the Institute of the Political Communication. |
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